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Image Search Results
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Article Title: P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes
doi: 10.1172/JCI94524
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) P2X7R and NLRP3 immunoprecipitation (IP) in human CD4+ T cells. Expression of NLRP3 (top blot) and P2X7R (bottom blot) is shown. Lane 1: Total protein. Lane 2: IP with NLRP3 Ab. Lane 3: IP with P2X7R Ab. Lane 4: IP with Ab alone (NLRP3 and P2X7R). Lane 5: IP with control IgG (for NLRP3 Ab in top blot, for P2X7R Ab in bottom blot). The experiment was run in triplicate (representative blot shown). (B and C) Confocal microscopy analysis (B, scale bar: 5 μm, ×100 original magnification; C, scale bars: 20 μm, ×40 original magnification) depicting baseline colocalization of P2X7R (green) and NLRP3 (red) in human CD4+ T cells. Cells were stained with DAPI (blue) and immunolabeled with anti-P2X7R (green) and anti-NLRP3 Abs (red) (n = 3). (D–F) Bar graphs depicting expression of NLRP3 mRNA by qRT-PCR (D), and protein by flow cytometry (E) and ELISA (F), evaluated in human CD4+ T cells activated with benzoyl ATP (BzATP) and treated with CE-224,535, a P2X7R inhibitor. Experiments were run in duplicate (n = 5). (G) Bar graph representing expression of NLRP3 on human CD4+P2X7R+ cells analyzed by flow cytometry upon BzATP stimulation (n = 5). (H) Representative flow dot plots of NLRP3 expression upon gating on human BzATP-stimulated CD4+P2X7R+ cells. (I) Confocal analysis (scale bar: 5 μm; ×100 original magnification) depicting colocalization of P2X7R (green) and NLRP3 (red) in CD4+ T cells upon in vitro stimulation of P2X7R with BzATP (n = 3). (J–M) Bar graphs comparing expression of NLRP3 downstream signaling Th2-related factors IL-4 (J), IRF4 (K), GATA-3 (L), and IL-10 (M) by qRT-PCR using mRNA isolated from human CD4+ T cells activated with BzATP and treated with the P2X7R inhibitor CE-224,535. Experiments were run in triplicate (n = 5). Data are expressed as mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test or Student’s t test. mRNA expression was normalized to β-actin (ACTB).
Article Snippet: Purified
Techniques: Immunoprecipitation, Expressing, Control, Confocal Microscopy, Staining, Immunolabeling, Quantitative RT-PCR, Flow Cytometry, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, In Vitro, Isolation
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Article Title: P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes
doi: 10.1172/JCI94524
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) A 3D representation of the full-length structure of P2X7R, highlighting the putative location of the P2X7R mutation in the C-terminal intracellular portion. (B and C) Quantification of P2X7R total protein (B, ELISA, n = 3) and of P2X7R mRNA (C, qRT-PCR, n = 10) on CD4+ T cells of carrier and noncarrier patients. Samples were run in duplicate (B) or in triplicate (C) and normalized to expression level of β-actin (ACTB). (D) Transcriptome profiling of immune-relevant genes (see also Supplemental Table 3) examined in CD4+ T cells of carrier and noncarrier cardiac-transplanted patients (n = 5). (E–G) Expression of NLRP3 mRNA using qRT-PCR (E) and NLRP3 protein using flow cytometry (F) and ELISA (G) in CD4+ T cells of carrier and noncarrier patients (n = 5). (H and I) Flow cytometric expression of NLRP3 on CD4+P2X7R+ cells of carrier patients stimulated with BzATP (n = 5). (J) Percentage of P2X7R+NLRP3+ cells of carrier and noncarrier patients analyzed by immunofluorescence (Figure 1C and Supplemental Figure 2G) (n = 3). (K) Confocal microscopy analysis (×100 original magnification) of P2X7R (green) and NLRP3 (red) coexpression in CD4+ T cells of carrier patients (n = 3). Scale bar: 5 μm. (L) Subcellular localization of NLRP3 in CD4+ T cells of carrier and of noncarrier patients (n = 3). (M and N) IL-4 (M) and IRF4 (N) gene expression detected after ChIP with NLRP3 antibody in CD4+ T cells. (n = 3). (O) Quantification of NLRP3 protein measured in CD4+ T cells treated with the ubiquitin/protease inhibitor MG132 (n = 3). Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; Student’s t test or 2-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test.
Article Snippet: Purified
Techniques: Mutagenesis, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Quantitative RT-PCR, Expressing, Flow Cytometry, Immunofluorescence, Confocal Microscopy, Gene Expression, Ubiquitin Proteomics, Protease Inhibitor
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Article Title: P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes
doi: 10.1172/JCI94524
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Percentage of in vitro–generated Th17 cells obtained from CD4+ T cells of carrier and noncarrier patients (n = 8). (B and C) Representative flow zebra plots (B) and quantitative histogram (C) depicting the percentage of peripheral CD4+IL-17+ cells (n = 8). (D) IL-17 plasma levels of carrier and noncarrier patients (n = 10). (E) IL-17 levels (Luminex) measured in the supernatants of unstimulated 24-hour-cultured CD4+ T cells of carrier and noncarrier patients (n = 5). (F) Table summarizing the secretome profile (Luminex, n = 5) and primary phenotypic characteristics (flow cytometry, n = 4) of carrier and noncarrier polarized Th17 cells. (G and H) Normalized mRNA expression of Th2-related factors IL-4 (G) and GATA-3 (H) measured in noncarrier CD4+ T cells exposed to transient knockdown of NLRP3 using silencing RNA (siRNA), before and after anti-CD3-Ig/anti-CD28-Ig stimulation (n = 3). (I–K) Normalized mRNA expression of the Th2-related factors IL-4 (I), IL-10 (J), and GATA-3 (K) measured in noncarrier CD4+ T cells exposed to transient knockdown of NLRP3 (siRNA), upon BzATP exposure (n = 4). (L and M) Normalized mRNA expression of the Th2-related factors IL-4 (L) and GATA-3 (M) measured in carrier CD4+ T cells, in which NLRP3 was overexpressed, before and after anti-CD3-Ig/anti-CD28-Ig stimulation (n = 3). (N) Effects of various treatments (anti–IL-17 antibody, RMT1-10, cyclosporin A [CsA] and rapamycin [Rapa]) on in vitro–generated Th17 cells (n = 5). Experiments were run in triplicate (D, G, H, and N) or in duplicate (F and I–M). mRNA expression was normalized to ACTB. Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001; Student’s t test or 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test.
Article Snippet: Purified
Techniques: In Vitro, Generated, Clinical Proteomics, Luminex, Cell Culture, Flow Cytometry, Expressing, Knockdown
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Article Title: P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes
doi: 10.1172/JCI94524
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) P2X7R–/– mice receiving bm12 heart transplantation demonstrated reduced graft survival as compared with B6 recipients (**P < 0.01), which was significantly prolonged by anti–IL-17 treatment (murine IL-17–depleting antibody) (*P < 0.05 vs. P2X7R–/–) (n = 10 mice per group). (B–D) Semiquantification of graft infiltration (B), coronary vasculopathy (C), and myocyte necrosis (D) confirmed accelerated allograft rejection in P2X7R–/– mice (n = 3). (E) Representative H&E staining (x20 original magnification) showing graft cell infiltration (top panels), vasculopathy (middle panels), and myocyte necrosis (bottom panels) in B6 and P2X7R–/– mice. Scale bars: 200 μm (middle panels), 300 μm (top and bottom panels). (F and G) Numbers of IFN-γ–producing (F) and IL-4–producing (G) cells (ELISPOT) measured in cardiac-transplanted mice (n = 3). (H–M) Percentage of CD4+IL-17+ (H), CD4+IFN-γ+ (I), CD4+IL-10+ (J), CD4+CD44hiCD62Llo (K), CD8+CD44hiCD62Llo (L), and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ (M) cells detected by flow cytometry in B6 and P2X7R–/– cardiac-transplanted mice and in P2X7R–/– anti–IL-17–treated mice (n = 5). (N) Serum IL-17 level (Luminex) measured in B6 and P2X7R–/– cardiac-transplanted mice and in P2X7R–/– anti–IL-17–treated mice (n = 5). (O) Percentage of CD4+NLRP3+ cells analyzed by flow cytometry in P2X7R–/– and B6 mice (n = 3). (P) Number of IL-4–producing cells (ELISPOT) in P2X7R–/– and B6 mice upon allostimulation (n = 3). (Q) Serum IL-4 level (Luminex), measured in B6 and P2X7R–/– cardiac-transplanted mice (n = 5). Samples were run in duplicate (Luminex) and in triplicate (ELISPOT). Bars represent mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.001; log-rank (Mantel-Cox) test (A), Wilcoxon’s and Student’s t test (2 groups), 1-way ANOVA with Bonferroni’s post hoc test (3 groups).
Article Snippet: Purified
Techniques: Transplantation Assay, Staining, Enzyme-linked Immunospot, Flow Cytometry, Luminex
Journal: The Journal of Clinical Investigation
Article Title: P2X7R mutation disrupts the NLRP3-mediated Th program and predicts poor cardiac allograft outcomes
doi: 10.1172/JCI94524
Figure Lengend Snippet: (A) Bar graph depicting the percentage of cardiac-transplanted patients who carry the WT or mutant P2X7R allele (n = 102) with an MIT change greater than 0.5 mm (early cardiac allograft vasculopathy, in black) at 1 year after transplantation in the CTOT-05 cohort. (B) Bar graph depicting the number of acute rejection episodes in cardiac-transplanted patients who carry the WT (black) or mutant (white) P2X7R allele (n = 181) within the first year after transplant in the NIT-Bergamo cohort. (C) Bar graph depicting the percentage of cardiac-transplanted patients who carry the WT or mutant P2X7R allele (n = 130) with major adverse cardiac events (MACEs, in black) at 10 years of follow-up in the AIRT-Bologna cohort. In A and C: black, percentage of patients who experienced the event; white, percentage who were free from events. (D) Line graph depicting the estimated odds ratio (OR) for clinical outcomes recorded in the 3 cohorts of cardiac-transplanted patients who carry the WT or mutant P2X7R allele. In the NIT-Bergamo cohort, the OR was calculated based on the requirement of medical intervention for acute rejection episodes with a frequency of greater or less than 3 episodes. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01. Supplemental Tables 7–9 report detailed analyses. Fisher’s exact and Student’s t tests. (E and F) A stable connection between P2X7R and NLRP3 is necessary to establish a physiological NLRP3-mediated Th2 program (E), while alteration in the P2X7R intracellular domain induces NLRP3 displacement and retains NLRP3 in the cell membrane, thus preventing its nuclear activity and accelerating ubiquitination of NLRP3 (F). This shifts the balance of the immune response toward Th17 cells and favors the development of immune-related events, such as allograft rejection and vasculopathy. Ub, ubiquitin; eATP, extracellular ATP.
Article Snippet: Purified
Techniques: Mutagenesis, Transplantation Assay, Membrane, Activity Assay, Ubiquitin Proteomics
Journal: Cell reports
Article Title: BIRC2 Expression Impairs Anti-Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy Efficacy.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108073
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 4. BIRC2 Knockdown in Melanoma Cells Decreases Tumor Growth and Alters Inflammatory Cell Recruitment to the Tumor Micro- environment (A) B16F10 subclones expressing NTC or BIRC2 shRNA (sh3 or sh4) were implanted subcutaneously in female C57BL/6 mice, and tumor growth was monitored. (B–F) Tumors were harvested on day 35 and the percentage of CD8+/CD44+/CD69+ activated T cells (B), CD11b+/NK1.1+ NK cells (C), CD11b+/CD11c+/F4/80
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-mouse BIRC2 Novus Biologicals Cat# NB100-56889 Anti-mouse b-Actin Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-47778 Anti-mouse CD3 BioLegend Cat# 102102 Anti-mouse CD3 Novus Biologicals Cat# FAB4841G-100 Anti-mouse CD4 Novus Biologicals Cat# FAB554A-100 Anti-mouse CD8A Novus Biologicals Cat# NBP1-49045PE Anti-mouse CD11b Novus Biologicals Cat#
Techniques: Knockdown, Expressing, shRNA
Journal: Cell reports
Article Title: BIRC2 Expression Impairs Anti-Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy Efficacy.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108073
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 5. BIRC2 Knockdown in Breast Can- cer Cells Decreases Tumor Growth and Al- ters Inflammatory Cell Recruitment to the Tumor Microenvironment (A) EMT6 subclones expressing NTC or either of two shRNAs targeting BIRC2 (sh4 and sh5) were cultured at 20% O2 and analyzed for expression of BIRC2 protein by immunoblot assay. (B) EMT6 subclones (NTC, sh4, and sh5) were im- planted into the mammary fat pad of female BALB/c mice, and tumor volumes were determined (mean ± SEM; n = 4); *p < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis test with Benjamini-Hochberg post-test). (C–F) Tumors were harvested on day 13, and the percentage of CD8+/CD44+/CD69+ activated T cells (C), CD3/NK1.1+ NK cells (D), CD11b+/F4/ 80/CD11c+ DCs (E), and CD11b+/Ly6C+ MDSCs (F) was determined (mean ± SEM; n = 4); *p < 0.05 for the indicated pairs (Kruskal-Wallis test with Benjamini-Hochberg post-test). All immune cell populations were calculated as a percentage of the total number of live cells (based on forward and side scatter). (G) EMT6 subclones were implanted into the mammary fat pad of female SCID mice, and tumor growth was monitored. See also Figure S3B.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-mouse BIRC2 Novus Biologicals Cat# NB100-56889 Anti-mouse b-Actin Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-47778 Anti-mouse CD3 BioLegend Cat# 102102 Anti-mouse CD3 Novus Biologicals Cat# FAB4841G-100 Anti-mouse CD4 Novus Biologicals Cat# FAB554A-100 Anti-mouse CD8A Novus Biologicals Cat# NBP1-49045PE Anti-mouse CD11b Novus Biologicals Cat#
Techniques: Knockdown, Expressing, Cell Culture, Western Blot
Journal: Cell reports
Article Title: BIRC2 Expression Impairs Anti-Cancer Immunity and Immunotherapy Efficacy.
doi: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.108073
Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 6. BIRC2 Knockdown in B16F10 Cells Increases Anti-tumor Immunity by Increasing CXCL9 Expression (A) NTC and BIRC2-KD subclones were implanted into C57BL/6 mice. When BIRC2-KD tumors became palpable, mice were treated with anti-CXCL9 or IgG every 3 days. Tumor volumes were determined (mean ± SEM; n = 4); *p < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis test with Benjamini-Hochberg post-test). (B–E) Tumors were harvested on day 35, and the percentage of CD8+ T cells (relative to CD45+ population) (B), CD8+/CD44+/CD69+ T cells (C), CD3/NK1.1+ NK cells (D), and CD11b+/CD11c+/F4/80 DCs (E) was determined (mean ± SEM; n = 4); *p < 0.05 (Kruskal-Wallis test with Benjamini-Hochberg post-test). All immune cell populations (except B) were calculated as a percentage of the total live cells (based on forward and side scatter). (F–H) The Pearson correlation test was performed to compare CXCL9 mRNA expression with CD8+ T cell score (F), NK cell score (G), and DC score (H), using TCGA data from 481 human melanomas. See also Figures S3C and S4.
Article Snippet: REAGENT or RESOURCE SOURCE IDENTIFIER Antibodies Anti-mouse BIRC2 Novus Biologicals Cat# NB100-56889 Anti-mouse b-Actin Santa Cruz Biotechnology Cat# sc-47778 Anti-mouse CD3 BioLegend Cat# 102102 Anti-mouse CD3 Novus Biologicals Cat# FAB4841G-100 Anti-mouse CD4 Novus Biologicals Cat# FAB554A-100 Anti-mouse CD8A Novus Biologicals Cat# NBP1-49045PE Anti-mouse CD11b Novus Biologicals Cat#
Techniques: Knockdown, Expressing
Journal: Cancers
Article Title: Drug-Induced Resistance and Phenotypic Switch in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Can Be Controlled via Resolution and Targeting of Individualized Signaling Signatures
doi: 10.3390/cancers13195009
Figure Lengend Snippet: TNBC tissues are represented by different patient-specific signaling signatures, majority of which do not include EGFR. ( A ) Fold changes in expression levels of EGFR and pEGFR in TNBC and non-TNBC tumors are shown. Y1068 and Y1173 are EGFR phosphorylation sites; ( B ) Examples for patient-specific sets of active unbalanced processes are shown. Each sample harbors a set of 1–3 active unbalanced processes (PaSSS), represented schematically by a barcode. In each barcode active unbalanced processes are represented by black or gray squares, inactive white. Negative/positive amplitude denotes how the patients are correlated with respect to a particular process. Suggested PaSSS-based therapies appear below each barcode; ( C ) Heterogeneity index of 3 subgroups, represented by a ratio between the number of distinct PaSSSs and the number of samples in each subset, is shown for the TNBC subset of tissues, the entire set (3467 samples from 11 cancer types) and the subset of non-TNBC samples. (Abbreviations: TNBC—Triple Negative Breast Cancer, PaSSS—Patient-specific signaling signature, EGFR—Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor, VEGFR2—Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2, Her2—Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor 2, Src—Proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Src).
Article Snippet: The following conjugated antibodies were used:
Techniques: Expressing, Phospho-proteomics